This review systematically summarizes advanced demodulation and signal processing strategies designed to overcome these physical barriers, including pulse coding sequences, chaotic laser compressed correlation, and deep learning-enhanced noise reduction algorithms. A high-speed demodulation technique based on microwave photonics and chromatic dispersion is proposed for distributed weak fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The FDL is composed of a fiber-ring cavity, by which the delay time is matched with the interval length of the adjacent WFBGs. By changing the step size of each calculation.